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European Computer Manufacturer??™s Association
(ECMA)
A standards committee originally founded in 1961.
ECMA is dedicated to standardizing information and
communication systems. For example, they created
the ECMAScript standard used for many Web page
designs today. You can also find ECMA standards
GLOSSARY
627
for product safety, security, networks, and storage
media.
Expanded Memory Manager (EMM)
A device driver such as
EMM386.EXE
that provides
expanded memory services on an 80386 and above
equipped machine (which definitely includes all
modern machines). An application accesses
expanded memory using a page frame or other
memory-mapping techniques from within the conventional
or upper memory area (0 to 1,024 KB). The
EMM usually emulates expanded memory using
extended memory managed by an eXtended Memory
Manager (XMM) such as
HIMEM.SYS
, which provides
access to the eXtended Memory Specification
(XMS) memory. An application must change the
processor??™s mode to protected mode to use XMS.
Expanded Memory Specification (EMS)
A method (specification) for older DOS and console
applications to access memory outside of the 640 KB
conventional memory area.
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