Once you have a routine that calculates the standard deviation of an array of numbers, that routine can be
used again and again. Such reuse can be accomplished by including the routine in whatever new program one
writes, or by adding the routine to a library where other programs can access the procedure by name.
This structuring of code is a giant step beyond unstructured programming where the entire program, whatever
it is, consists of a single monolithic block of code. With unstructured code, branching and repetitive use of code
are accomplished using conditional statements and GOTO or JUMP statements. The result can be programs that
are difficult to read, prone to errors, and difficult to debug??”???spaghetti code.???
Structured programming divides the programming task into modular procedures. This important advance
in program design greatly improves program readability, reliability, and reusability. The larger task is broken
down into a series of subprocedures. The subprocedures are then defined (written), and the structured programming
task then becomes one of calling the well-tested subprocedures in the appropriate order.
OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Object-oriented (OO) programming is a more recent development that provides approaches that further
advance software reliability and reuse, and that often allow the software to ???fit??? better with our understanding
of the real world that our programs may be reacting to, or trying to control.
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