All these shells make possible direct communication between the operating system and the user.
They include built - in commands and provide an environment for running text - based applications
and utilities.
When Shells Are Better than GUI Interfaces
GUI interfaces came later in computer development and opened the door to less-technically-advanced
users looking for a more ??? comfortable ??? way to interact with the operating system. Although they
provide a simple - to - use interface, GUI applications are prone to user error because their use requires
direct interaction between the user and the interface through menus, controls, and fields. For each
administrator in the organization to complete the same tasks as all other administrators, they must
learn and then use the correct menu choices and controls in order to get consistent results.
GUI - based management programs also constrain administrators to predetermined properties and
controls. They lack provisions for special or one - off tasks because they are designed and written with
specific functionality that is appropriate for general purposes.
Shells offer a powerful solution for overcoming these GUI shortcomings by providing a method to
gather commands into a batch file, also known as a script, and then run them as if they had been entered
one at a time at the command line.
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