Third-generation languages (3GLs)
Programmers can interact with the Oracle database from C, C++, Java, or COBOL
by embedding SQL in those applications. Prior to compiling the applications using a
platform??™s native compilers, you must run the embedded SQL code through a precompiler.
The precompiler replaces SQL statements with library calls the native
compiler can accept. Oracle provides support for this capability through optional
???programmer??? precompilers for C and C++ using Pro*C and for COBOL using
Pro*COBOL. In recent Oracle versions, Oracle features SQLJ, a precompiler for Java
that replaces SQL statements embedded in Java with calls to a SQLJ runtime library,
also written in Java.
Database drivers
All versions of Oracle include database drivers that allow applications to access
Oracle via ODBC (the Open DataBase Connectivity standard) or JDBC (the Java
DataBase Connectivity open standard). Also available are data providers for OLE-DB
and for .NET.
The Oracle Call Interface
If you??™re an experienced programmer seeking optimum performance, you may
choose to define SQL statements within host-language character strings and then
explicitly parse the statements, bind variables for them, and execute them using the
Oracle Call Interface (OCI).
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