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Therefore, SYSDBA or SYSOPER should be
specifically granted to administrators. They will ???CONNECT AS??? either SYSDBA or
SYSOPER to the database and will have access to a database even when it is not
open. SYSDBA privileges can be granted to users by SYS or by other administrators
with SYSDBA privileges. When granted, the SYSDBA privileges allow a user to
perform the following database actions from the command line of SQL*Plus or by
logging into Oracle Enterprise Manager??™s point-and-click interface:
STARTUP
Start up a database instance.
SHUTDOWN
Shut down a database instance.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
Open a mounted but closed database.
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
Mount a database using a previously started instance.
ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE
Start a backup of the control file. However, backups are more frequently done
through RMAN today, as described in the ???Backup and Recovery??? section in
Chapter 5.
Security | 143
ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG
Specify that the contents of a redo log file group must be archived before the
redo log file group can be reused.


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