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When operating system authentication is
used, administrative users must be named in the OSDBA or OSOPER defined
groups. For password file authentication, the file is created with the ORAPWD utility.
Users are added by SYS or by those having SYSDBA privileges.
With each release of Oracle, fewer default users and passwords are
automatically created during database installation and creation.
Regardless, it is generally recommended practice to reset all default
passwords that are documented in Oracle.
Policies
A policy is a way to extend your security framework. You can specify additional
requirements in a policy that are checked whenever a user attempts to activate a role.
Policies are written in PL/SQL and can be used, for example, to limit access to a particular
IP address or to particular hours of the day.
Since the release of Oracle Database 10g Oracle Enterprise Manager has featured a
visual interface to a policy framework in the EM repository that aids management of
database security. Security policies or rules are built and stored in a policy library.


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