g., disk) and, when a disk must be
accessed, ensuring that there are as few bottlenecks as possible in the I/O subsystem.
As the Oracle database accesses a greater percentage of its data from memory rather
than disk, the overall latency of the system is correspondingly decreased and performance
increases. For more information about tuning concepts, see Chapter 7.
Uniprocessor Systems
Uniprocessor systems, such as the one shown in Figure 12-1, are the simplest systems
in terms of architecture. Each of these systems (typically a standard personal
computer) contains a single CPU and a single I/O channel and is made entirely with
industry-standard components. They are most often used as single-user machines
(for example, for database development or providing browser access over a network).
Some uniprocessor machines are also used as small servers for databases,
especially where multicore processors are installed.
Until the 1990s, uniprocessor systems were frequently used as servers because of
their low price and the limited ability of relational databases to fully utilize other
types of systems.
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