They are the simplest form
of alias: a name and what to change that name into. The name on the left of the : is
changed into the name on the right. Names are not case-sensitive. For example,
POSTMASTER, Postmaster, and postmaster are all the same.*
* According to RFC2822, all usernames are case-sensitive except postmaster. And RFC2142 defines additional
names, suchas abuse, that are not case-sensitive. But sendmail, when processing its aliases file, normally
views all other names as case-insensitive too, unless F=u (?§20.8.46 on page 780) is set on the local delivery
agent.
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1.6 Basic Roles of sendmail | 13
For every envelope that lists a local user as a recipient, sendmail looks up that recipient??™s
name in the aliases file. (A local user is any address that would normally be
delivered on the local machine. That is, postmaster is local, whereas postmaster@
remote might not be.) When sendmail is processing the envelope, and when it
matches the recipient to one of the names on the left of the aliases file, it replaces
that recipient name with the text to the right of the : character. For example, the
envelope recipient postmaster becomes the new envelope recipient bob.
After a name is substituted, the new name is then looked up, and the process is
repeated until no more matches are found.
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